Zählwörter
Aus Meet-Korea
Different counters demand the use of different number systems. The following table includes such counters and indicates which number system to use. Sino-Korean numbers are used with words of Chinese origin, pure Korean numbers with words of Korean origin. Sino-Korean numbers are used to refer to a specific items, such as lesson 10 (십 과), whilst pure Korean numbers are used to count items, such as 10 lessons (열 과 ). Entries that are followed by {} have not been checked yet.
Das Zählen von Dingen erfordern im Koreanischen die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Zählwörter. Die folgende Tabelle fasst zusammen, welches Zählsystem mit welchen Zählwörtern verwendet werden. Sinokoreanische Zahlen werden mit Wörtern von Chinesischem Stamm verwendet, reine koreanische Zahlen mit Wörtern von koreanischem Stamm. Sinokoreanische Zahlen verweisen auf spezifische Dinge, zum Beispiel "Lektion 10 (십 과)", während reine koreanische Zahlen zum Zählen verwendet werden, zum Beispiel "10 Lektionen (열 과 )". Einträge, die von {} gefolgt sind, wurden noch nicht überprüft.
| Meaning | Bedeutung | Counter | System |
|---|---|---|---|
| age | Alter | 세 | Sino-Korean numbers |
| age | Alter | 연세 | pure Korean numbers |
| age | Alter | 나이 | pure Korean numbers |
| age | Alter | 살 | pure Korean numbers |
| animals | Tiere | 마리 | pure Korean numbers |
| boats | Boote | 척 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| books | Bücher | 권 | pure Korean numbers |
| bottles | Flaschen | 병 | pure Korean numbers |
| cars | Autos | 대 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| vegetable leaves | Gemüseblätter | 포기 | pure Korean numbers |
| cups | Tassen, Gläser | 잔 | pure Korean numbers |
| day (define) | Tag | 일 (日) | Sino-Korean numbers |
| days (counted) | Tage (zählen) | 하루 | pure Korean numbers |
| days (counted) | Tage (zählen) | 날 | pure Korean numbers |
| floors (define) | Stockwerke | 층 | Sino-Korean numbers |
| floors (counted) | Stockwerke (zählen) | 층 | pure Korean numbers |
| glasses | Gläser | 잔 | pure Korean numbers |
| hours | Stunden | 시 | pure Korean numbers |
| houses | Häuser | 채 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| lessons (count) | Lektionen (zählen) | 과 | pure Korean numbers |
| lessons (define) | Lektion | 과 | Sino-Korean numbers |
| letters | Briefe | 통 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| machines | Maschinen | 대 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| minutes | Minuten | 분 | Sino-Korean numbers |
| month (define) | Monat | 월 (月) | Sino-Korean numbers |
| months (counted) | Monate (zählen) | 달 | pure Korean numbers |
| pencils | Bleistifte | 자루 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| persons (informal, anyone) | Leute | 사람 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| persons (informal) | Leute | 명 | pure Korean numbers |
| persons (polite) | Leute (höflich) | 분 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| phone numbers | Telefonnummern | — | Sino-Korean numbers |
| pieces of paper | Papierstücke | 장 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| price | Preis | 원 (圓) | Sino-Korean numbers |
| seconds | Sekunden | 초 | Sino-Korean numbers |
| ships | Schiffe | 척 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| socks, shoes | Socken, Schuhe | 켤레 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| swords | Schwerter | 자루 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| things | Dinge | 개 | pure Korean numbers |
| trees | Bäume | 그루 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| vehicles | Vehikel | 대 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| weeks | Wochen | 주 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| year | Jahre | 연 (年) | Sino-Korean numbers |
| year | Jahre | 년 (年) | Sino-Korean numbers |
| years | Jahre | 해 | pure Korean numbers |
| dish | Gerichte | 그릇 | pure Korean numbers |
| can | Dosen | 캔 | pure Korean numbers {} |
| bag | Taschen, Tüten | 봉지 | pure Korean numbers |
| paper | Papiere | 장 | pure Korean numbers |
| flower | Blumen | 송이 | pure Korean numbers |
| dress | Kleider | 벌 | pure Korean numbers |
| Won (currency) | Won (Währung) | 원 | Sino-Korean numbers |
| Yen (currency) | Yen (Währung) | 엔 | Sino-Korean numbers |
| Dollar (currency) | Dollar (Währung) | 달러 | Sino-Korean numbers |
| (Currencies) | (Währungen) | | Sino-Korean numbers |
| | | | |
Both pure Korean and Sino-Korean numbers are used with days and months. The Sino-Korean numbers are used when referring to a specific day or month; pure Korean numbers are used to count and state a certain period of time: 사월 means April, 네달 means four months.
Für Tage und Monate werden sowohl reine koreanische Zahlen wie auch sinokoreanische Zahlen verwendet. Sinokoreanische Zahlen werden verwendet, um einen spezifischen Tag oder Monat zu identifizieren; reine koreanische Zahlen werden verwendet, um zu zählen oder eine andauernde Zeitperiode anzugeben. 사월 bedeutet April, 네달 bedeutet vier Monate.
